Author: KShoelson@coveanimalhealth.com

As warm weather arrives in the Portland, Maine area, pet owners often see a change in their pets’ energy and enthusiasm for time outside. A dog might seem more excited to play outside and go for longer walks, or a cat might spend hours watching birds from a screened-in porch. While this time of year brings enjoyment, it also marks the peak season for mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks, sparking a conversation on the importance of routine preventive medications to prevent diseases that these pests can carry

How Heartworm and Parasites Move Through the Environment

Heartworm disease is a complex condition caused by a parasitic worm known as Dirofilaria immitis. It’s not something a pet can catch directly from another animal in the way a cold might spread. Instead, heartworm requires a “middleman” for transmission: the mosquito. When an animal is infected with heartworm and is bitten by a mosquito, the mosquito picks up tiny, microscopic worms that develop into larvae within the insect’s body.

When that same mosquito later bites a dog or cat, it deposits those larvae into the pet’s bloodstream. Over several months, these larvae migrate to the heart and the large blood vessels of the lungs, where they grow into adult worms. In dogs, these worms can grow quite large and live for several years if left untreated. Because the Portland, Maine area has seasonal mosquito activity and many sources of standing water, mosquito populations remain a consistent threat to local pets.

Other parasites, like fleas and ticks, have different methods of finding a host. Ticks often wait on the tips of tall grass or shrubs, a behavior called “questing,” and latch onto a pet as it brushes past. City environments are no exception: ticks are known threats as they wait on park bushes or in tall grass areas, places our canine companions like to play Fleas are notoriously hardy and can be brought into a home on a person’s clothing or by a visiting animal.

What Pet Owners Might Notice at Home

One of the most difficult aspects of heartworm disease is that it often remains invisible during its early stages. A pet may appear perfectly healthy while the parasites are still maturing. As the disease progresses and the worms begin to affect the heart and lungs, physical signs will emerge.

In dogs, signs often start with a persistent, dry cough, noticeable after activity or when resting at night. You might notice a dog slowing down on walks that used to be easy, or they may seem unusually winded after a short game of fetch. Vague, more concerning signs  can also occur such as sudden lack of appetite, and complete inability to exercise. In severe cases, dogs develop heart failure and experience sudden collapse as the worms cause significant blockages in the normal flow of blood in the heart.

In cats, the signs of heartworm are often very different and can be much harder to identify. A cat might experience intermittent vomiting that looks like a typical hairball, or they may develop a chronic cough that mimics asthma. Owners may notice general imprecise signs such a cat hiding more often or showing a general lack of interest in their usual routines. Because cats are experts at masking illness, these subtle changes in behavior are often the first clues that something is wrong.

Environmental Factors and Local Risks

While many people associate parasites with the peak of summer, the risk begins much earlier in the year. In some areas, we are even seeing parasite threat year-round. Ticks, for example, do not disappear during the winter, they only are in a state of inactivity. They lay in leaf litter and become active once the outdoor temperature reaches around 40°F or higher. In Maine, these temperature spikes can happen as early as February or March, meaning that stopping prevention during the winter can leave a pet vulnerable.

Local geography also influences parasite prevalence. Pets living near rivers or those that frequent wooded trails are at a higher risk of encountering both mosquitoes and various tick species. Even pets that live in the heart of the city are not exempt. Mosquitoes are highly adaptable and often breed in small amounts of water in gutters, flowerpots, or urban alleyways.

A dog that goes to daycare, visits dog parks, or goes on hiking trips has more opportunities for exposure than a pet with a more sedentary routine. However, even indoor cats are at risk, as mosquitoes frequently enter through open doors or small tears in window screens, and fleas and ticks can enter on our clothing, shoes or other pets

The Importance of Veterinary Evaluation

Because the signs of heartworm can overlap with many other health issues, a veterinarian examination is the only way to get a clear picture of a pet’s health. The veterinary team typically recommends an annual heartworm test for all dogs. This is a simple blood test that detects specific proteins produced by adult female heartworms. Yearly testing ensures the dog is not infected in addition to confirming the parasites are not acquiring resistance to the preventative medications.

If a dog tests positive, veterinarians will perform additional diagnostics to determine the severity of the infection. Blood work: To evaluate the function of the liver and kidneys before starting any treatment.

• Radiographs (X-rays): To look for signs of heart enlargement or inflammation in the lung tissue.
• Ultrasound or Echocardiogram: In some cases, a cardiology specialist may use imaging to visualize the worms directly and assess the physical impact on the heart.

For cats, testing is more complex. Cats often have fewer worms, and the worms often do not mature into the adult stage, making standard antigen tests difficult to interpret as false negatives can occur. Veterinarians frequently use a combination of antibody and antigen tests, along with a review of the cat’s clinical symptoms and imaging listed above to diagnose cats with heartworm. 

Why Prevention is Easier Than Treatment

A common question the veterinary team hears is whether a pet really needs a year-round monthly preventative if they don’t see any parasites on their pets, or are questioning the winter need. The reality is that preventive care for dogs is significantly safer and more cost-effective than the alternative. Treating an active heartworm infection in a dog is a long, expensive process that requires several months of restricted activity and multiple rounds of medication. It also sadly carries many risks and complications.

For cats, the situation is even more critical because there is currently no approved medical treatment to kill adult heartworms; surgery is a potential but is involved and complicated. Prevention is the only way to protect a cat from permanent lung damage and significant disease that heartworms can cause.

Modern preventative medications are highly effective and often cover multiple parasites in a single dose. Some common brands include:

• Oral Medications: Products like Credelio Quattro or Simparica Trio are often flavored chews that pets take once a month, and provide protection against fleas, tick and gastrointestinal parasites in addition to heartworm. Heartgard is also an option but does not have the added benefit of protection against multiple pests
• Topical Treatments: Options like Revolution and Revolution Plus are applied directly to the skin, which can be easier for cats or dogs that are difficult to pill. Revolution plus is the most popular and widely available option for cats.
• Injectable Prevention: Some long-acting medications can be administered by a veterinarian and provide protection for six to twelve months.

A veterinarian will prescribe the specific product that is best for an individual pet based on their health history and lifestyle. 

Practical Steps for Pet Owners Today

Taking a proactive approach to heartworm and parasite control is one of the most impactful things an owner can do for their pet’s long-term health. The first step is to verify that your pet is up to date on their annual heartworm testing. If a pet has missed several months of prevention, it is important to have them tested before restarting medication to ensure they are not already carrying a heartworm infection.

You can also take steps to manage the environment around your home. Regularly emptying standing water from birdbaths, planters, and old tires helps reduce mosquito breeding sites. Keeping the lawn mowed and clearing away leaf litter can make your yard less attractive to mosquitoes and ticks.

Finally, create a consistent routine for administering preventatives. Setting a monthly reminder on your phone or adding it to your calendar can help prevent accidental lapses in coverage. If you are planning to travel with your pet, especially to areas with even higher parasite prevalence, consult with the hospital to see if any additional precautions are necessary.

When to Seek Veterinary Care

While preventative care is the goal, it is important to know when a situation requires professional attention. You should contact a veterinarian if you notice any of the following:

• A new or persistent cough, especially after exercise or at night.
• Visible difficulty breathing or an increased respiratory rate while the pet is resting.
• Sudden lethargy or a lack of interest in toys and walks.
• The discovery of several ticks on your pet after a walk.
• Unexplained weight loss or a change in appetite.

If a pet shows signs of severe distress, such as blue-tinged gums or a total collapse, this is an emergency situation and requires immediate veterinary intervention.

A Foundation for Healthy Years

Protecting a pet from parasites is a straightforward way to prevent complex and dangerous health problems down the road. It is true that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. By combining annual testing with a consistent preventative schedule, you give your pet the best chance at a long and active life. The best next step is to review your pet’s current records and speak with the Portland Vet team about the most effective prevention plan for the upcoming season.

Warming temperatures mean more fun, but they unfortunately mean more hazards. Having a watchful eye for identifying potential threats will help keep the spring and summer fun and active!

The Danger of Garden Mulch

Many homeowners prioritize landscaping as soon as warm weather arrives. Various types of mulch are very commonly used each spring. While wood-based mulches are generally safe, cocoa bean mulch poses a significant risk to dogs. This variety is made from cocoa bean hulls and retains a distinct chocolate aroma that can be attractive to canines.

Cocoa mulchcontains residual amounts of theobromine plus caffeine, the same compounds that make chocolate toxic to pets. If a dog ingests a large amount of this mulch, they may experience vomiting and tremors that can progress to an elevated heart rate, worsening tremors, or potentially seizures. Veterinarians often see cases where a dog appears overly excited or restless after spending time in a yard with this specific landscaping material.

Beyond the chemical risk, any type of mulch can cause physical issues if swallowed. Large wood chips can cause a gastrointestinal obstruction, a physical blockage in the stomach or intestines that prevents food and water from passing. If a pet owner notices their dog repetitive retching or failing to keep food down after playing in the garden, a prompt veterinary evaluation is necessary. Special attention should be given to dogs that have a history of eating things they shouldn’t.

Fertilizers and Soil Additives

Fertilizers are commonly used in spring gardening to encourage new growth, but many of these products are unfortunately appealing to pets. Organic fertilizers, such as blood meal or bone meal, are particularly problematic. These products are derived from animal byproducts, giving them a scent that many dogs find irresistible.

When a dog eats a significant amount of bone meal, the powder can form a large, cement-like ball in the stomach. This mass can be difficult to pass and may worsen to a physical obstruction, ultimately requiring surgery to remove. Blood meal, while great for plants, can cause severe vomiting and diarrhea if a pet decides to make a meal of it.

The hospital team suggests keeping pets indoors while applying these products and making sure they are thoroughly watered into the soil before allowing pets back into the area. Store any remaining bags in sealed, sturdy containers inside a garage or shed where a determined pet cannot chew through the packaging.

Pesticides and Weed Killers

To keep a pristine lawn, many people in the Portland, Maine area apply herbicides or pesticides during the spring. Most modern lawn chemicals are relatively safe once they have completely dried, but the risk is highest when the product is still wet on the grass. Pets can pick up these chemicals on their paws and then ingest them while grooming themselves later in the evening.

Some older or more industrial-strength products include ingredients such as organophosphates, a very dangerous compound that leads to a collection of signs associated with the neuron receptors it affects Ingestion of these chemicals can cause excessive drooling, vomiting, diarrhea and muscle tremors. In more severe cases, weakness, mental dullness and seizures occur. Signs can occur immediately or be up to 24 hours after exposure. A suspect organophosphate ingestion is a medical emergency, and immediate veterinary care is needed.

Whenever possible, pet owners should look for “pet-safe” labels on lawn products, though even these should be used with caution as ingredients can cause stomach and intestinal irritation. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions regarding how long pets must stay off the grass after an application. If a neighbor is treating their lawn, it is wise to keep pets indoors and go out on leash walks only to prevent them from wandering onto the treated area until the treatment as dried

The Threat of Rodenticides

Spring is a common time for property owners to set out bait for mice and rats that may have moved indoors during the winter. Rodenticides are among the most dangerous substances a pet can encounter because they are specifically designed to be tasty and lethal. There are several types of rodent baits, and each affects the body differently.

Bromethalin is acommon ingredient found in rodenticides that causes brain swelling and neurological issues. Signs can vary depending on dose and time from ingestion: increased excitability, tremors, seizures, paralysis and depression could all be indication of a harmful dose. There is no antidote; treatment attempts to eliminate any remaining in the stomach, and prevent further absorption of poison into the body. Because these baits are so small and easy to hide, a pet may find one in a corner of a basement or behind a garden shed without the owner ever knowing it was there.

Anticoagulant rodenticides work by preventing the blood from clotting, leading to internal bleeding. The danger with these products is that signs can take at least 3 days to appear after the pet eats the bait. An owner might notice their dog slowing down on walks, having pale gums, nose bloods, vomiting or defecating blood, which are signs that the pet is losing blood internally.

Other baits contain cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3), which causes the calcium levels in the body to spike. Prolonged elevations in calcium can lead to significant organ damage including mineralization of the heart, GI tract, lungs and kidneys with resulting kidney failure. If you think your pet has ingested rodenticide, contact your veterinarian or bring them to be evaluated.

Insect Stings and Allergic Reactions

As flowers begin to bloom, bees and wasps become much more active. Dogs often try to “snap” at flying insects, while cats may try to bat at them with their paws. A sting on the face, mouth, or paw is a very common springtime occurrence for curious pets.

In most cases, a sting will cause localized swelling and some mild discomfort. A pet might hold their paw up or spend several minutes licking the affected area. However, some pets are hypersensitive to insect venom and can develop a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis.

Signs of a serious reaction include sudden vomiting, collapse, or swelling of the face and muzzle that makes it difficult for the pet to breathe. A common question the team hears is whether it is safe to give human allergy medication for a sting. While some medications are used in veterinary medicine, owners should never administer any drug without first consulting a veterinarian for the correct type and dose for their specific pet. The best course of action is to contact your primary care veterinarian if mild signs are seen (facial swelling that does not affect breathing, hives) or seek an emergency veterinarian if signs of anaphylaxis, trouble breathing or sudden collapse.

What Pet Owners Might Notice at Home

Recognizing springtime pet safety matters early often comes down to noticing small changes in a pet’s daily routine. Dogs and cats often show discomfort in different ways, so it is helpful to be familiar with their “normal” behavior. For example, a dog who is usually eager for their morning walk but suddenly seems reluctant or “heavy” on their feet may be dealing with an underlying toxicity or illness.

Cats are notorious for hiding their signs, frequently retreating to the back of a closet or under a bed when they feel unwell. An owner might notice that their cat has stopped grooming or is skipping meals. In the case of toxin ingestion, a cat may appear uncoordinated or “drunk” when trying to jump onto a favorite perch.

Physical signs can also be more direct. Redness between the toes, frequent sneezing after being outside, or a sudden bout of “hives” (small bumps on the skin) can all indicate a reaction to environmental factors. Monitoring the color of a pet’s gums is also a helpful tool; they should be a healthy bubblegum pink. Gums that appear very pale, blue, or bright red are a signal that the pet needs immediate medical attention.

How Veterinarians Evaluate Springtime Risks

When a pet is brought into the hospital after a suspected toxic exposure , the veterinary team starts with a thorough physical exam. The veterinarian will check the pet’s heart rate, listen to the lungs, and palpate the abdomen for signs of pain or unusual masses. They will also examine the eyes and mouth for signs of irritation or chemical burns.

If a toxin is suspected, blood work is often the next step. A complete blood count and chemistry profile help the team assess how the internal organs, such as the liver and kidneys, are functioning. When a pet may have swallowed a foreign object, such as a large piece of mulch or a bait station, imaging such as an X-ray or ultrasound may be necessary.

For complex cases, such as a pet with serious neurological symptoms or heart arrhythmias caused by a toxin, the hospital’s specialty services may be utilized. This might include treatment and monitoring in the intensive care unit or consultation with a specialist. The goal is always to identify the specific cause of the distress as quickly as possible to begin the most effective treatment.

Practical Steps for Pet Safety in Spring

Ensuring springtime pet safety does not mean pets have to stay indoors all season. Instead, it involves making small adjustments to the environment to reduce the risk of accidents. One of the most effective steps is to perform a “yard sweep” before letting pets out for the first time each day. Look for any mushrooms that may have popped up overnight, as some wild mushrooms can be highly toxic. Inspect areas for the development of new bee or wasp hives.

When walking a dog in public parks or around Portland and southern Maine, stay on marked paths and avoid letting them sniff in areas where the grass looks unnaturally bright green or has visible fertilizer granules. Carrying a fresh bottle of water and a portable bowl is also recommended to prevent pets from drinking out of puddles. Puddles can contain runoff from lawn chemicals or bacteria, such as leptospirosis, which is often found in wildlife urine.

For cat owners, providing a “catio” or a screened-in porch can allow outdoor enjoyment without the risk of wandering into a neighbor’s treated garden. If a cat does go outdoors, wiping their paws with a damp cloth when they come back inside can remove pollen, dust, and any trace amounts of lawn chemicals they may have stepped in.

When to Seek Veterinary Care

While some minor scrapes or mild sneezing might only require a phone call to a primary veterinarian, certain situations demand immediate action. If an owner knows or strongly suspects their pet has eaten something toxic, they should not wait for signs to appear. Early intervention often leads to a better outcome and can prevent the toxin from being fully absorbed into the system. Always bring the product information from the suspected toxin with you, as long as it does not add considerable time to arriving at the veterinarians. You or the veterinary staff will often call the ASPCA Poison Control or Pet Poison Helpline to gain insight from toxicologists on the best course of action. This comes with an added cost but is priceless information.

The following signs should prompt an immediate trip to the emergency hospital:

• Difficulty breathing or excessively blue/pale gums
• Repeated vomiting or unproductive retching
• Seizures, tremors, or extreme lethargy, where the pet will not get up
• Sudden collapse or inability to stand
• Evidence of eating rodenticide or large amounts of cocoa mulch
• Severe facial swelling after an insect sting

The Portland Vet veterinary team is available to help guide through these stressful moments and provide the specialized care needed to get pets back on their paws.

Dogs ages 1-3 are in their young adult phase, characterized by peak energy and physical development. This article covers nutrition, exercise, common health issues, and veterinary care for young adult dogs. Understanding ages 1-3 helps you establish healthy habits that last a lifetime.

Understanding Your Dog’s Development (Ages 1–3)

Physical and Behavioral Development

Your dog combines peak athleticism with some lingering puppy behaviors. This life stage is when personality solidifies and the body reaches full strength.

• Energy levels: Dogs ages 1-3 are at their most active. Adult teeth are fully developed, though chewing instincts may persist.
• Critical metabolic change: Most dogs reach full adult size by age 2 (giant breeds by age 3). Metabolism begins slowing around age 2, meaning unchanged puppy portions now cause weight gain.
• The teenage rebellion phase: Around 18-24 months, many dogs test boundaries. Stay consistent; they’ll mature through this phase.

Common Health Concerns Ages 1-3

• Foreign body ingestion (peaks at this age; socks are #1)
• Weight gain from unchanged puppy portions
• Dental tartar begins accumulating
• Skin allergies often first appear
• Activity injuries from overenthusiastic play

Not sure if your dog is on track? Schedule to assess weight, dental health, and development.

Nutrition for Dogs Ages 1–3

How Much Should I Feed My 1–3 Year Old Dog?

Critical fact: An extra 5 pounds on a 50-pound dog shortens their life by up to 2 years.

Transition to adult food:

• Small/medium breeds: 12-15 months
• Giant breeds: 18-24 months
• Puppy food has too many calories for finished growth

Feeding guidelines:

• Measure portions with a measuring cup
• Feed twice daily, not free choice
• Studies show free-fed dogs are 2-3x more likely to become overweight

How to Tell if Your Dog is Overweight: The Rib Test

• Step 1: Run hands along your dog’s sides with light pressure
• Step 2: You should easily feel ribs without pressing hard
• Step 3: View from above you should see a visible waist

If no waist visible: Reduce portions by 10-15%, reassess in 2 weeks.

Dog Treat Guidelines:

Treats should be max 10% of daily calories. A handful of training treats can easily total 200+ calories which is an extra meal for a medium dog.

Foods to Avoid:

Grapes, raisins, onions, garlic, chocolate, xylitol (in some peanut butters). These are genuinely toxic.

Exercise Needs for Young Adult Dogs

How Much Exercise Does a 1-3 Year Old Dog Need?

Dogs ages 1-3 need 60-90 minutes of daily exercise. Consistency matters more than duration; 45 minutes daily beats 3 hours once weekly.

Types of Exercise

• Cardiovascular: Brisk walks, running, fetch, swimming, hiking
• Mental stimulation: Puzzle toys, training sessions (5-10 min, 2-3x daily), scent work, dog sports

What we often see: Owners skip exercise for a few days, and suddenly their dog destroys the house or develops separation anxiety. Exercise isn’t optional—it’s preventive medicine.

Why Annual Wellness Exams Matter

Annual exams catch problems early when they’re cheap to fix instead of expensive emergencies.

What we check:

• Dental disease (82% of dogs have it by age 3)
• Weight trends and body condition
• Heart, lungs, joints
• Skin and parasites

Preventive care basics:

• Monthly heartworm prevention (year-round)
• Monthly flea/tick prevention
• Dental brushing 3-7x weekly

Skipping exams because “they seem fine” is how we diagnose stage 3 dental disease. Dogs hide illness incredibly well.

Last checkup over 12 months ago? Schedule with us today.

Common Health Issues (Ages 1-3)

Foreign Body Ingestion

• What happens: Surgeries peak at ages 1-3. Socks are #1, followed by underwear, toys, household items.
• Signs: Vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain
• Prevention: Supervise play, keep items off the floor

Allergies

• Signs: Itchy skin, paw licking, chronic ear infections
• Action: We identify triggers through elimination diets or testing.

Ear Infections

• Risk factors: Floppy ears, swimming, allergies
• Prevention: Dry ears after water, clean weekly if prone
• Consequences: Untreated infections permanently damage ear canals.

Dental Disease

82% of dogs have periodontal disease by age 3.

• Health impact: Bacteria damage heart, liver, and kidneys. Doing nothing shortens lifespan.
• Prevention: Daily brushing, dental chews, professional cleanings

Activity Injuries

Young dogs think they’re indestructible. Sprains and strains happen from high-impact activities on hard surfaces.

• Prevention: Warm up before exercise, use grass/sand for fetch, avoid repetitive jumping on concrete

Dog Health by Breed Size

• Small Breeds (<25 lbs): Dental disease progresses faster. Watch for luxating patellas (skipping steps).
• Medium Breeds (25-50 lbs): Easiest window to prevent obesity. Once weight accumulates, it’s exponentially harder to remove.
• Large Breeds (50-90 lbs): Hip/elbow dysplasia may appear. Prevent bloat: feed 2-3 small meals, avoid exercise after eating.
• Giant Breeds (90+ lbs): Still growing until age 2-3. Keep it lean, every extra pound stresses joints. Shorter lifespan (7-10 years) makes prevention critical.

Frequently Asked Questions 

How often should a 1-3 year old dog see the vet?

Annual wellness exams minimum. Catches dental disease, weight trends, and issues before they’re serious.

How much should I feed my 1-3 year old dog?

Switch to adult food by 12-15 months (18-24 for giants). Measure portions, feed twice daily. Adjust based on body condition—feel ribs easily, see waist from above.

What are signs my dog is overweight?

Cannot easily feel ribs or see visible waist from above. Reduce portions by 10-15%.

How much exercise does a young adult dog need?

60-90 minutes daily. Consistency matters more than duration.

What are most common health problems ages 1-3?

Foreign body ingestion (socks), weight gain, dental disease (82% by age 3), allergies, activity injuries.

When should my dog transition to adult food?

Small/medium breeds: 12-15 months. Giant breeds: 18-24 months.

Do young dogs still need heartworm prevention?

Yes, year-round at all ages. Prevention is cheaper and safer than treatment.

Your Action Plan

Schedule annual exam if >12 months
Body condition check: Feel ribs? See waist?
Start dental brushing 3-7x weekly
Monthly heartworm + flea/tick prevention
Commit to 60-90 min daily exercise
Transition to adult food (12-15 months)

Ready to schedule? Book online or call us at 207-253-2509.

The Bottom Line

Dogs who maintain healthy weight, get regular exercise, receive dental care, and have annual checkups live 2-3 years longer. That’s 20-25% more time together.

The habits you establish now determine how they age at 8, 10, and 12.

Key takeaways:

• Adjust portions after age 2 (metabolism slows)
• Maintain 60-90 min daily exercise
• Start dental care immediately
• Schedule annual exams
• Prevent obesity now, it’s harder to reverse later
• Supervise to prevent foreign body ingestion

Invest in prevention now. Future you and your dog will be grateful.

Questions about caring for your young adult dog? Our team is here to help. Schedule a visit online anytime.

It’s hard to watch. The whining when you pick up your keys. The frantic panting and pacing during a thunderstorm. The “Velcro dog” who can’t handle being in a different room.

As pet owners, we want our dogs to feel safe and confident. But for many families, anxiety in dogs is a daily challenge that affects quality of life—for pets and people.

The good news: dog anxiety is common, and it’s also treatable. The key is understanding what you’re seeing, why it’s happening, and what steps actually help.

Below, we’ll cover the signs of anxiety, practical tips for how to calm an anxious dog, and when it may be time to seek professional support.

What Does Anxiety in Dogs Look Like?

Anxiety isn’t always obvious. Many signs can be subtle—and sometimes mistaken for “bad behavior.”

Anxiety is a stress response. Your dog’s brain is in “fight or flight” mode, and their behavior and body language will reflect that.

Common signs of anxiety in dogs include:

• Vocalization: whining, whimpering, repetitive barking
• Panting and pacing: panting when it’s not hot and difficulty settling
• Shaking or trembling: from mild tremors to full-body shaking
• Hiding or escaping: trying to bolt, tuck away, or retreat under furniture
• Destructive behavior: chewing, scratching, digging (especially with separation anxiety)
• Inappropriate elimination: accidents during scary events or when left alone

Subtle signs that are often missed:

• Whale eye: whites of the eyes showing with a worried expression
• Lip licking and yawning: frequent stress signals that don’t match the situation
• Tense body posture: stiff stance, tucked tail, lowered head
• Avoidance behaviors: turning away, refusing eye contact, sudden “sniffing” to disengage

An anxious dog isn’t being “bad.” They’re overwhelmed and need support.

Common Triggers for Dog Anxiety

Identifying your dog’s trigger is one of the most important steps in building a plan.

1. Separation Anxiety

A true panic response when a dog is left alone or separated from their person.

2. Noise Phobia

Fear of loud, unpredictable sounds (thunderstorms, fireworks, construction, vacuums).

3. Situational Anxiety

Anxiety tied to specific places or experiences—often car rides, vet visits, unfamiliar people, or other dogs.

4. Age-Related Anxiety and Cognitive Decline

Senior dogs can become more anxious as vision and hearing decline. Cognitive changes can also cause confusion and restlessness.

How to Calm an Anxious Dog: A 3-Part Approach

Most dogs do best with a combination of:

• Short-term environment support,
• Long-term behavior change, and
• Veterinary support when needed.

1. Manage the Environment (Short-Term Relief)

These steps help reduce stress right now:

• Create a safe space: a quiet room, covered crate (if crate-trained), or cozy “den” with familiar bedding
• Reduce sights and sounds: close curtains, use white noise, a fan, or calming music
• Try calming pheromones: diffusers, collars, or sprays can help with mild anxiety
• Use pressure wraps: some dogs respond well to gentle pressure garments

If your dog’s anxiety spikes during storms or fireworks, it helps to prepare before the event begins.

2. Change the Behavior (Long-Term Improvement)

This is where real progress happens over time:

• Prioritize enrichment: puzzle toys, snuffle mats, scatter feeding, and “find it” games encourage sniffing and licking—naturally calming behaviors
• Reward calm behavior: notice and reinforce quiet moments (resting on a mat, relaxing on the couch)
• Desensitization and counterconditioning: gradual exposure to triggers at low levels paired with high-value rewards (this often works best with professional guidance)

3. Get Veterinary Support (When Needed)

For moderate to severe anxiety, behavior work alone may not be enough.

Start with a medical check. Pain, illness, and discomfort can worsen anxiety and reactivity. A physical exam helps rule out underlying issues.

Talk to your veterinarian about next steps. For dogs in a high state of panic, medication can be a helpful tool—not as a “quick fix,” but as support so your dog can actually learn and respond to training.

When to Seek Professional Help

It may be time for additional support if your dog:

• cannot be left alone without panic behaviors
• is harming themselves trying to escape
• is becoming reactive or aggressive due to fear
• isn’t improving despite consistent effort

In these cases, your veterinarian may recommend working with a qualified trainer experienced in fear/anxiety cases and/or a board-certified veterinary behaviorist.

If your dog is struggling with anxiety, you don’t have to navigate it alone. Our team at Portland Vet is here to help you build a plan that supports a calmer, more confident life with your dog.

The holiday season brings decorating, cooking, hosting, traveling, and plenty of changes to your daily routine. While these moments can feel exciting, they can also introduce new risks for pets at home. At Portland Vet, our primary care team wants to help you enjoy a safe, calm, and healthy holiday season with your pets.  

Many holiday concerns can be prevented with simple planning. The tips below are designed for pet owners who want to keep their pets comfortable and healthy throughout the winter and holiday season.

1. Plan Ahead for Holiday Schedules

Holiday weeks fill up quickly with gatherings, travel, and visitors. Pets thrive on predictable routines, so changes can affect everything from bathroom habits to stress levels. 

Ways to keep routines steady: 

• Keep feeding and exercise times as consistent as possible 
• Provide a quiet room where pets can relax if you are hosting 
• Allow anxious pets to retreat to a familiar space when things get loud or busy

If your pet struggles with stress or routine changes, a primary care visit can help you explore supportive options. 

2. Food Safety Starts in the Kitchen

Many holiday foods smell appealing to pets but can cause digestive upset or more serious medical concerns. 

Keep these out of reach: 

• Turkey skin, drippings, and fatty foods 
• Bones (cooked bones can splinter) 
• Chocolate 
• Grapes and raisins 
• Sugar-free baked goods with xylitol 
• Unbaked dough 

Safer choices include: 

• Plain vegetables like green beans or carrots 
• Small amounts of cooked, unseasoned turkey breast 
• Plain pumpkin 

If your pet frequently experiences digestive upset, it may be a good time for a wellness visit.  

3. Decorate with Pet Safety in Mind

Many decorations are irresistible to curious pets, especially cats and young dogs. 

Simple ways to prevent accidents: 

• Keep candles and essential oils away from pets. 
• Hang breakable ornaments higher on the tree. 
• Avoid tinsel, ribbon, and string if you have a cat. 
• Use cord covers or secure cables along walls. 
• For pets known to chew, consider gating off decorated spaces.

4. Winter Weather Care for Maine Pets

Maine winters bring cold temperatures, ice, and snow, all of which can affect your pet’s comfort and mobility. 

Keep pets comfortable by: 

• Limiting time outside during frigid temperatures 
• Wiping paws after walking on treated sidewalks 
• Using pet-safe ice melt when possible 
• Keeping older pets warm with cozy bedding and gentle exercise 

If you notice stiffness, limping, or new mobility changes, an exam may help identify early arthritis or orthopedic issues. 

5. Keep Holiday Plants Out of Reach

Several seasonal plants can cause mild to moderate digestive upset. 

Use caution with: 

• Holly 
• Mistletoe 
• Lillies 
• Poinsettias 

Even non-toxic plants can cause vomiting or diarrhea if chewed. Placement matters just as much as plant type.

6. Prepare for Travel and Boarding Early

If you plan to travel this season, preparation can make your pet’s experience calmer and safer. 

Before traveling: 

• Make sure vaccines are up to date 
• Check medication supply 
• Confirm microchip information 
• Pack familiar items like bedding or toys 

If your pet needs updated vaccines or a health certificate, it helps to schedule early to avoid holiday-season appointment surges. 

7. Know What’s Normal for Your Pet

During busy weeks, it can be harder to notice subtle health changes. A quick daily check-in can help you spot early signs of illness. 

Monitor for: 

• Normal appetite 
• Expected water intake 
• Regular bathroom habits 
• Comfortable movement 
• Usual behavior and energy 

Any sudden change in behavior, appetite, mobility, or bathroom habits is worth discussing with your primary care veterinarian. 

A Safe and Comfortable Holiday Season 

With a little preparation and awareness, the holidays can be safe, calm, and enjoyable for both you and your pets. The primary care team at Portland Vet is here to support you with wellness care, routine visits, and guidance to help your pets stay healthy all winter long. 

A Season of Gratitude and Good Choices for Pets

Thanksgiving is a time to gather, reflect, and share good food with the people and pets we love. While we look forward to cozy kitchens and full plates, our furry friends often see the holiday a little differently. To them, it is a day filled with new smells, dropped snacks, and exciting visitors.

According to the ASPCA, pet exposure calls have risen 4 percent since 2023. Many of these cases happen around the holidays, when extra activity and tempting food make it easy for pets to get into trouble.

At Portland Vet, we want you and your pets to enjoy a safe and happy holiday. With a few preventive steps, you can make Thanksgiving special for everyone at the table.

Safe Thanksgiving Foods for Dogs and Cats

It is hard to resist sharing a taste of the feast with your pets. After all, they are family too. The good news is that a few Thanksgiving staples are safe for pets in moderation, while others should be avoided completely.

Pet-Safe Options

A few small bites of these foods are fine to share:

• Plain, boneless turkey with no skin or bones
• Steamed or raw vegetables such as green beans, carrots, or peas
• Plain pumpkin puree or mashed sweet potatoes with no sugar or butter
• A small spoonful of mashed potatoes without salt, gravy, or dairy

When in doubt, it’s always best to ask your vet first. Pets with conditions such as kidney disease, diabetes, or pancreatitis may need extra care when it comes to new foods.

Foods to Avoid

Many traditional dishes contain ingredients that can upset your pet’s stomach or cause toxicity. Keep these off their plate:

• Turkey bones, skin, and gravy
• Onions, garlic, chives, and leeks (found in stuffing and sauces)
• Butter, oils, and fatty meats
• Chocolate, raisins, grapes, and anything made with xylitol
• Raw bread dough or alcohol

If your pet accidentally eats something unsafe, monitor for symptoms such as vomiting, loss of appetite, or restlessness, and contact your nearest emergency veterinarian for advice.

Keep Desserts and Drinks Out of Reach

Desserts are a big part of the Thanksgiving celebration, but they can be dangerous for pets. Chocolate is one of the most common causes of holiday veterinary visits, and xylitol (a sugar substitute found in sugar-free desserts and some peanut butters) is highly toxic even in small amounts.

Alcohol is another common hazard. Pets can develop serious health issues after ingesting alcoholic drinks, unbaked dough, or desserts made with liquor. Always keep beverages and sweets out of reach, and remind guests not to leave plates or glasses on low tables.

Create a Calm Space for Your Pets

Between cooking, guests, and general excitement, Thanksgiving can feel overwhelming for pets. Even the most social animals can become anxious with all the extra noise and activity.

Help your pet feel comfortable by:

• Setting up a quiet room or corner with their bed, water bowl, and favorite toys.
• Using soft music or white noise to help block unfamiliar sounds.
• Letting guests know your pet’s boundaries and reminding them not to feed table scraps.
• Making sure collars are secure and microchip information is current in case someone slips out the door.

A little planning can go a long way toward keeping your pets calm and content while you entertain.

Decorate Safely and Mind the Trash

Thanksgiving decorations bring warmth and color into the home, but some can be risky for pets. Curious cats and dogs may chew on artificial leaves, ribbons, or centerpieces that can cause choking or stomach upset if swallowed.

Holiday Décor Tips

• Avoid candles or use flameless ones to prevent burns and fires.
• Skip potpourri, essential oils, and some flowers such as lilies, which are toxic to cats.
• Secure electrical cords and small decorations that can be chewed or swallowed.
• Keep the trash bin covered or behind a closed door to prevent pets from scavenging for leftovers.

Turkey bones, food wrappers, and spoiled food can cause digestive blockages or food poisoning, so it is best to take the trash out right after dinner.

Plan Ahead for Pet Health and Wellness

If your pet is due for a checkup, consider scheduling a wellness visit before the holiday season gets busy. Routine exams help catch early signs of illness, and your veterinary team can answer questions about safe foods, supplements, or anxiety management for holiday gatherings.

You can also stock up on prescription food or medications before Thanksgiving to ensure you have everything your pet needs if your regular vet is closed for the day.

Travel and Boarding Tips

Many families travel for Thanksgiving, which can be stressful for pets if they are not used to new environments. Whether you are taking your pet along or boarding them, preparation is key.

Traveling With Your Pet

• Make sure vaccines are up to date and bring a copy of medical records.
• Pack familiar food, water, and bedding to help them settle.
• Plan for rest stops every few hours for bathroom breaks and exercise.

Boarding Your Pet

If you are boarding your pet, provide the facility with emergency contact information and any special instructions about diet or medication. You can also bring a favorite blanket or toy to make their stay more comfortable.

A Safe and Grateful Thanksgiving

A little preparation can make a big difference in keeping your pets safe and stress-free this Thanksgiving. With mindful food choices, a calm space, and a bit of extra attention, your pets can enjoy the holiday right alongside you.

From all of us at Portland Vet, we are thankful for the trust you place in our team and the joy your pets bring to our community. We wish you and your family a healthy, happy, and delicious Thanksgiving.

If you have questions about pet health or safety this season, our team is here to help.